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The Purple Heart, awarded to servicemembers injured or killed while serving with the U.S. military, was established by Gen. George Washington by order from his headquarters at Newburgh, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1782. (U.S. Air Force illustrated/Virginia Reyes)
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Former POWs now eligible for posthumous Purple Hearts
Posted 10/8/2008
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by Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service
10/8/2008 - WASHINGTON (AFNS) -- A policy change to expand eligibility for the Purple Heart award to prisoners of war who died in captivity represents the right decision that recognizes their sacrifice, a senior defense official said.
Pentagon officials announced the new policy Oct. 6 that will extend criteria for receiving Purple Hearts to prisoners of war who have died in captivity since the attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.
"The Purple Heart is an award worn with great pride and recognizes that the servicemember has been wounded or killed as a result of enemy action," said Samuel Reterford, the Pentagon's deputy director of officer personnel management.
The revision maintains the integrity of the award while allowing a reasonable presumption that servicemembers who die in captivity did so as a result of enemy action or complicity, he said.
Mr. Reterford noted that the conditions and circumstances of capture and captivity are difficult to document. But unless compelling evidence indicates otherwise, the policy assumes that the death resulted from enemy action or from wounds incurred as a result of enemy action during capture.
The new policy will allow retroactive award of the Purple Heart to qualifying POWs since World War II. This will cover the large number of American POWs who died in captivity during that war, Pentagon spokeswoman Eileen Lainez said.
Extension of the Purple Heart to these POWs does not constitute dual recognition for the same act or service, Ms. Lainez emphasized.
"The POW Medal recognizes honorable service for members who endure the trials and tribulations associated with being a POW," she said. "The Purple Heart recognizes servicemembers who are wounded or killed in action with the enemy or as a result of enemy action."
Each military department will publish application procedures for retroactive Purple Heart awards. Family members with questions may contact the services directly: Air Force, 800-616-3775; Army, 703-325-8700; Navy, 314-592-1150; Marine Corps, 703-784-9340.
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