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  • PIT crew brings realism to Pacific Lifeline exercise

    Airmen from the 446th Aerospace Medicine Squadron and 446th Aeromedical Staging Squadron aren't being graded on the test, but their work impacts those involved with the Pacific Lifeline exercise. Known as the PIT crew, 16 reservists from McChord Air Force Base, Wash., will add realism to the

  • Pit stop

    Staff Sgt. Randy Simmons and Senior Airmen Benjamin David, Steven Campos and Matthew Easton push a new B-52 Stratofortress tire toward its mount April 7 at a forward-deployed location. Two or three of the 500-pound tires get changed each day at this base. The process takes about 20 minutes for

  • Pit stops in 'hot' zone require quick off-loads

    When people deployed to Afghanistan say a location is "hot," it could mean one of two things. Either it feels like the sun is closer than the moon, or the enemy is lurking about. Here, both meanings apply. For pilots, that equates to making quick pit stops here so they can get in and out of this

  • Pitch Black 2022 concludes international interoperability exercise

    Approximately 110 U.S. Airmen from PACAF participated in Exercise Pitch Black 2022, the Royal Australian Air Force Chief of Air Force’s biennial capstone international engagement activity with forces drawn from a wide range of regional, coalition and allied nations.

  • Pitsenbarger rehonored at Moody after 42 years

    A fallen pararescueman was recognized for his heroic actions more than 42 years earlier during a Medal of Honor rededication ceremony April 18 at the Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Monument Park at Moody Air Force Base, Ga. Airman 1st Class William Pitsenbarger, known as "Pits" to his friends,

  • PJ medical training returns to Kirtland

    Medical instruction for Air Force pararescuemen, or PJs, returns to Kirtland Air Force Base, N.M., on Oct. 2 when 19 students start their training.Air Force PJs will no longer receive medical training at Fort Bragg, N.C. Instead, Detachment 1 of the 342nd Training Squadron, the Air Force pararescue

  • PJs airlift those devastated by Hurricane Katrina

    Nearly 3,000 people have been airlifted out of the New Orleans area and taken to local care centers in the arms of 374th Expeditionary Rescue Group pararescuemen.Pararescuemen from three rescue squadrons nationwide are deployed here participating in what has been described as the largest

  • PJs carry blood again, increase survival rates

    Pararescuemen from the 46th Expeditionary Rescue Squadron at Camp Bastion, Afghanistan, have brought back the ability to carry and administer blood to patients on rescue missions, increasing survival rates for injured warfighters.Air Force rescue units haven't carried blood since the beginning of

  • PJs help rescue skier off glacier

    Exactly two weeks after participating in a joint search-and-rescue training exercise with other local rescue organizations, reservists from the 304th Rescue Squadron were back on top of Mount Hood, Ore., on May 6 for the longest-hauling, glacier-rescue mission ever accomplished on Mount Hood. Five

  • PJ's rescue fallen ice climber in Denali National Park

    Two Air Force Reserve pararescuemen from the 920th Rescue Wing, Patrick Air Force Base, Fla., assisted in the rescue of a climber who fell more than 150 feet while climbing Moose's Tooth in Denali National Park April 21.The 11th Air Force Rescue Coordination Center received  the rescue call at 2:20

  • PJs sharpen skills during exercise Razor’s Edge

    Razor’s Edge is a two-week long exercise where pararescuemen train to be better prepared for unilateral and joint combat search and rescue operations in any situation and environment. To meet these expectations they endure rigorous training reflective of real-world scenarios that they may encounter

  • PJs train to keep U.S. waters safe

    The Air Force Reserve Command's 304th Rescue Squadron here hosted a Homeland Defense-sponsored underwater hazardous devices search course at the Portland Air National Guard base May 8 to 12 to help pararescuemen and local public safety divers keep Oregon and Washington’s ports safe from

  • Plan early for household moves

    For many military and federal government workers, spring signifies not only flowers in bloom and warmer weather, but also a good time to get the jump on peak moving season, which typically runs from May to August.Mitch Chandran, an Army Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command spokesman,

  • Plan for cyberspace available in near future

    Air Force leaders soon will define the service's plan for cyberspace. "I would expect, in a matter of weeks, to see us rolling out what I would call a cyberspace campaign plan on where we are going to go next," said Lt. Gen. Michael W. Peterson, chief of warfighting integration and Air Force chief

  • Plan in motion to bring support troops home

    When the Air Force deployed its fighting forces for Operation Iraqi Freedom, a substantial portion of that contingent, about 65 percent, came from the installations and logistics community. This included civil engineers, services, supply, transportation and maintenance troops and airmen from the

  • Plan outlines strategy for war on terror

    A document being released today by the Pentagon defines the national strategy for the war on terrorism for the U.S. armed forces. The National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism, developed by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, supports the national U.S. government strategy by

  • Plan reduces risk for truck drivers in Iraq

    Recently 250 additional U.S. truck drivers per week were removed from the dangerous roads of Iraq because of expanded air operations that deliver cargo directly from the United States to airfields in Iraq. This, combined with existing air operations, now removes about 1,280 convoy drivers per week

  • Plan will get AEF back on track, fix ‘disparity’

    While many deployed airmen are returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom to hero's welcomes, others deployed for as much as three times longer are still waiting to hear when they will go home.What appears to some as an obvious disparity is actually a case of differing mission objectives, said the

  • Planes by day, cars by night; Airman's passion brings balance

    By day, Tech. Sgt. Gabriel, a 432nd Wing/432nd Air Expeditionary Wing sensor operator and junior executive officer, helps support global operations by flying eight-hour MQ-9 Reaper sorties from the comfort of a cushy, thick seat inside a ground control station. But by night, he finds himself

  • Planes soar thanks to Baghdad's ‘tower of power’

    Except for a thick dusty haze squatting on the city from day to day, Baghdad and the surrounding Iraqi countryside would be completely visible from here. Being 180 feet taller than almost any other vantage point in the city, Baghdad International Airport's control tower has certain advantages.The

  • Planners keep Rodeo 2007 aircraft flying

    On a gray Pacific Northwest morning in the middle of July, McChord Air Force Base resembled a European airfield at the height of the Berlin Airlift. While the operations tempo for McChord AFB has been high for the last several years, the influx of aircraft here for the 2007 Air Mobility Command

  • Planning a larger role for 3-D printing

    The Oklahoma City Air Logistics Complex is finalizing a strategic plan to integrate 3-D printing technology into nearly every aspect of its airpower sustainment mission.

  • Planning continues for new Airman Heritage Museum

    Efforts are underway to expand the Air Force's enlisted heritage museum here. The Lackland Gateway Heritage Foundation plans to modernize the USAF Airman Heritage Museum with a new facility to be located on what is becoming Lackland AFB's Heritage Campus. The site location, at the North end of the

  • Planning critical to Red Flag - Alaska success

    Coalition and American pilots, aircrews and support members need a realistic training environment, and Red Flag - Alaska provides some of the most realistic training on earth. Coordinating this training is the responsibility of the 353rd Combat Training Squadron members, who plan and prepare each

  • Planning for civilian retirement takes time

    As the number of retirement-eligible Air Force civilian employees is expected to double by 2009, officials are encouraging them to begin retirement planning early.Potential retirees are encouraged to obtain an estimate of retirement pay via the Benefits and Entitlements Service Team Web-based

  • Planning helps financial future

    For young airmen, the future can seem too far away to deal with now; however, many have learned that their decisions today have a great effect on their lives ahead. This is true especially when it comes to finances, according to the personal financial manager here.Dottie Blesse talks to young

  • Planning to quit, fighting to succeed: Airman earns Ranger tab

    Staff Sgt. Robert Keefe, the 736th Security Forces Squadron NCO in charge of training, was the 266th Airmen to graduate U.S. Army Ranger School. It was his chance to prove his mettle as a combat-ready Airman among some of the military’s toughest warriors.

  • Planning, execution and management of OCS critical to military operations

    More than $30 billion was lost from contract waste and fraud during military contingencies in Iraq and Afghanistan from 2001 to 2011, according to a congressionally chartered Commission on Wartime Contracting report from 2011.The Commission concluded that the loss could have been avoided through

  • Plans in place to spend $1 million IEA winnings at Spangdahlem AB

    More than 30 service members, U.S. and German national civilian employees, and family members from here received the Commander in Chief's Installation Excellence and Special Recognition Award May 2 through 6 in Washington.It was during this trip that Undersecretary of the Air Force Erin Conaton

  • Plans on table to sustain Minuteman III

    The officer in charge of America's intercontinental ballistic missile force said plans are well under way to sustain the life of the Minuteman III missile until the year 2020.Maj. Gen. Frank Klotz, 20th Air Force commander, visited here recently and spoke about the future of America's ICBM force.

  • Plans under way for net-centric operations conference

    Officials from the Electronic Systems Center and the Patriot Roost Chapter of the Association of Old Crows are teaming again to host a net-centric operations conference Sept. 22 at the Wentworth by the Sea Hotel in New Castle, N.H. "This year we are exploring the needs of not only the defense

  • Plans unveiled for Vietnam Veterans Memorial Center

    At a Capitol Hill news conference May 23, exhibition designer Ralph Appelbaum provided a first glimpse of the exhibits planned for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Center, an underground facility slated for the National Mall near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, also known as The Wall. "The center will

  • Plant could get airmen in legal hot water

    A hallucinogenic plant, lawful to possess and use, is being reviewed as a controlled substance that could land airmen in legal hot water.The plant, Salvia divinorum is a perennial herb related to sage and a botanical cousin to an ornamental favored by gardeners, said Ven Sovo, of Tinker's Joint Drug

  • Plant saves money, resources

    The Air Force's first power plant to use methane gas piped in from a nearby landfill should be completed here by August, saving the base $600,000 per year in energy costs.Funded by the private sector, the plant will use methane gas from a nearby landfill, allowing power recipients to keep from

  • Plastic surgery not just performed for cosmetic reasons

    "A nip here, a tuck there, a Botox injection, or enhancements to make me more attractive," is the answer you get from most people if they are asked, "What does a plastic surgeon do?" Although a plastic surgeon is required to do a certain number of cosmetic procedures to keep up a skill set in his or

  • Platelet donations bring troops home

    The pint-sized bags of cloudy, yellow liquid may not look like much, but the fluid inside them has proved to be a lifesaving substance to injured servicemembers. "Platelets heal. I've seen it firsthand," said Lt. Col. Thomas Jordan, the 332nd Expeditionary Medical Support Squadron platelet

  • Platform provides collaboration behind firewall

    The Defense Department's secure collaborative platform has expanded beyond the Army to include more members of the Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard, providing behind-the-firewall access to a collection of secure knowledge management tools mirroring popular social media platforms.DOD

  • Players, spectator save life of fallen Airman

    Five minutes into an intramural basketball game, two base teams were locked in a battle for victory but then had to shift focus to battle to save a fallen player's life at 8:30 p.m. Feb. 18 here. A player fell head first to the floor at the Pope Fitness Center's basketball court, but two players

  • Playground dedicated for children of the fallen

    Donors, wing leaders and distinguished guests were on hand for a ribbon cutting ceremony of a new playground at the Fisher House for Families of the Fallen June 18 here. The playground, dedicated to the children who travel to Dover Air Force Base, Del., to witness a dignified transfer of a loved

  • Playing with fire; EOD technicians hone response skills

    Most of the crew is asleep, but for a few members. Outside, the sun is peaking over the horizon, sending long shadows across the terrain and buildings. Suddenly a loud banging from the door echoes through the hallway, breaking the silence and waking up the crew. The banging continues, and an Airman

  • PLAYpass cards help foster resilience

    The PLAYpass card program is one way Air Force quality of life programs help build a resilient force.The cards, valued at more than $500, allow eligible members to participate in Air Force Services activities such as trips, sports and childcare at either a reduced cost or free of charge. Eligible

  • PLAYpass gives Airmen up to $1,000 in discounts

    Airmen projected to deploy or have recently returned from a deployment can participate in the PLAYpass Get out and Play Program and save $500 to $1,000 on installation programs.The PLAYpass program is based upon discount cards which provide eligible Airmen and family members the opportunity to

  • PLAYpass offers fun for deployed single Airmen, families

    In continuing efforts to build a resilient force, single Airmen returning from deployment and families of deployed members can receive special discounts at select Force Support Squadron activities to help Airmen and their families ease the pressures and stress associated with deployments, officials

  • PlayStation 3 supercomputer can read, correct input

    Video games have seen significant advances in the past few years. What once was a black box with a low quality video version of ping-pong, is now a sleek, motion-capturing, high-resolution computer system capable of networking around the world.Mark Barnell, the director of high-performance computing

  • Please try to write back

    Bringing a little holiday cheer to an unknown service member was all an 8-year-old boy was trying to do 25 years ago. A single letter united a pair of Air Force veterans, and the handwritten greeting made its way back to its author -- now an Air Force major -- at Hurlburt Field Jan. 25.

  • Plotting the course

    Senior Airman Michael D. Vuyancih plots traffic-control points on a base map during a security forces exercise here. Vuyancih is with the 39th Security Forces Squadron. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman Joseph Thompson)

  • PME boosts civilian leadership opportunities

    In the Air Force's current climate of shared leadership, civilians are being provided opportunities to fill positions that have historically been held by military officers. For goal-oriented civilians, there are many opportunities to attend professional military education courses to prepare for

  • PME classrooms open for sister service

    Some students attending the Elmendorf Professional Military Education center wear a different shade of blue ... U.S. Coast Guard blue. Two Coast Guard members are enrolled in the Elmendorf NCO Academy while three other guardsmen are in Airman Leadership School. They are set to graduate Dec. 13 with

  • PME incorporates Fit-to-Fight program

    Professional Military Education students will exercise under a more formal structure beginning in August as part of the Fit-to-Fight initiative. Students will perform physical conditioning three days a week to reinforce the school’s new focus, said Chief Master Sgt. Sharon R. Turk, vice commandant

  • PME, families, civilians focus of latest Chiefchat

    FORT MEADE, Md. (AFNS) -- Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force James A. Cody answered questions from Airmen, civilians and family members during his fourth worldwide CHIEFchat at the Defense Media Activity here April 29.CHIEFchat gives Airmen around the world the chance to directly ask their questions

  • PMEL Airmen deliver precision to warfighters

    The door opens into a dimly-lit labyrinth of technology. The bright light from outside sears through, revealing the truth behind the Air Force's precision of wartime capabilities. Though they work from the shadows of the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing mission, the 379th Expeditionary Maintenance

  • PMEL Airmen ensure equipment is ready for fight

    When you do not feel well, the solution is simple. Aches or ailments of unknown origin are taken to medical practitioners for treatment.But what if it is test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment that is not up to speed?Airmen with the precision measurement equipment laboratory ensure the

  • PMEL Airmen ensure equipment is serviceable

    The precision measurement equipment laboratory’s claim to fame is being the only 379th Expeditionary Maintenance Squadron workgroup that serves the entire area of responsibility. The team falls under the responsibility of the test measurement and diagnostic equipment, or TMDE, flight. The laboratory

  • PMEL continues calibration for total force during COVID-19

    As one of only seven labs that has the necessary equipment and personnel to perform air data calibration, the Otis Air National Guard Base PMEL provides precision calibration and measurement for 16 different Air Force, Air National Guard and foreign military support flying missions, as well as local

  • PMEL introduces a safer, efficient way of teaching

    A new virtual reality training experience, introduced by the 335th Training Squadron, is designed to allow students of the Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory career field to train as if they are in a working environment.

  • PMEL professionals practice precision

    They diagnose, treat and cure. There is no room for error in their line of work, or it could cost someone his or her life.The professionals assigned to the 379th Expeditionary Maintenance Squadron’s precision measurement equipment laboratory are doctors for one of the Air Force’s most precious

  • PMEL: The standard's standard

    Zero mistakes. That's the standard the precision measurement equipment laboratory (PMEL) technicians are held to on a daily basis. One mistake in their shop could mean the difference between a guided weapons system firing on target or missing by several feet.

  • PMO Engineers thrive with ‘once in a lifetime’ billion-dollar rebuild

    As project managers for the PMO, and as part of the Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center, Capt. Zach Bierhaus, Capt. Kyle Kowalchuk and Capt. Will Page are charged with finding solutions to the many potential issues that could affect the Air Force’s on-going efforts to develop the

  • Pocket change: Local artist designing new nickel

    Graphic designer Susan Gamble is one of 24 artists from across the country selected by U.S. Mint officials to create original designs for the nation’s coins and medals.The U.S. Mint issued a nationwide call for artists in November and received 306 applications from professional and student artists

  • Pod gives Strike Eagles an edge

    In today’s war on terrorism, troops have many tools at their disposal. One of best tools -- and friend -- is the F-15E Strike Eagle, with its advanced targeting pod. The pod gives pilots real-time information for targeting. “The pod’s capability is simply staggering and it’s changing the battlefield

  • Podcast puts new spin on resilience

    How do you talk to Airmen about resilience – especially when a unit is geographically dispersed? When two colleagues and friends at the 363rd Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing, set out to answer that question, their priorities were to make the information approachable, accessible

  • Podcast Series Addresses Post-deployment Challenges

    Servicemembers and their families can get help coping with post-deployment stress through a new series of podcasts profiling the personal stories of those who have lived it. "Combat brings individuals face-to-face with the harshest demands imaginable. In fact, it's impossible to be unaffected by

  • Podcasting a first for Air Force

    For the first time, the Air Force is using the Internet and digital technology to podcast its radio news.Podcasts are broadcasts of Internet audio programs, usually in an MP3 format. People can then subscribe to receive the audio files. Many commercial content providers offer free podcast feeds

  • Podcasting becomes another Edwards first

    Edwards became the first base to offer news updates through podcasting recently when it launched the service through its public Web site. Podcasting, a method of publishing audio broadcasts via the Internet, allows users to subscribe to a news feed of MP3 files. These feeds deliver audio broadcasts

  • Pods help warfighters improve air combat maneuvers

    Knowledge is power and power is influence. In the case of fighter pilots, this knowledge enables them to control adversaries in the air and on the ground. At the Ogden Air Logistics Center, the collection of information leading to air superiority begins with maintaining Air Combat Training System

  • Poinsett Range: the environmental mission

    The Poinsett Electronic Combat Range, previously called Poinsett Bombing Range, opened in 1952 to be used as a real-world training range for military personnel.

  • POL Airmen fuel the wing

    “Without fuel, pilots are pedestrians.” This is a phrase uttered by many fuels specialists over the years. At a forward-deployed location, it is no different; except the phrase should be expanded to people who drive vehicles and use air conditioners, generators and anything else not

  • POL Airmen help turn C-130 into flying gas station

    For Staff Sgt. Chris Cooper and Senior Airman Pete Kaplan, being fuels specialists is what they joined the Air Force to do. But the two petroleum, oil and lubricant experts had no idea they would be donning body armor and flying a 3,000-gallon fuel bladder around the desert, refueling much-needed

  • POL Airmen surpass one billion gallons

    Senior Airman David Beatty stood patiently on the artificially lighted parking ramp, waiting for more than 22,000 gallons of jet fuel to transfer from the hydrant outlet, through the steel pantograph piping and into the nearby KC-135 Stratotanker. Unbeknownst to the Airman from the 379th

  • POL flight starts what could be 'benchmark' process

    The 376th Expeditionary Logistics Readiness Squadron petroleum, oil and lubricants flight has just implemented a process for filtering fuel that Air Force leadership wants to make a "benchmark."This first in-the-area of responsibility pre-stage fuel filter system drew the attention of Maj. Gen.

  • POL fuels ADAB, maintains the mission

    Directly supporting the aircraft of Al Dhafra Air Base, the E-3 AWACS Sentry, KC-10 Extender, U-2 Dragon Lady, and RQ-4 Global Hawk, the various types of fuel plays a key part in the mission. The fuel needed for these aircraft is like food to all living things on Earth.

  • POL troops fuel massive air campaign

    Equipped with not much more than grit and determination, deployed airmen have dispensed jet fuel at a pace up to nine times faster than their stateside counterparts.According to Col. Duane A. Jones, chief of logistics for the Combined Forces Air Component Command, three bare-base airfields

  • POL troops fuel the fight against ISIS

    Much like day-to-day life in modern society, the military relies on fuels to power its ground and air operations. The fuels management section of the 386th Expeditionary Logistics Readiness Squadron is tasked with the control, distribution and testing of the mission essential fuels that keep the

  • Poland receives first F-16s

    The first F-16 Fighting Falcons acquired by the Polish air force arrived at the 31st Air Base here Nov. 9 and were featured at a special roll-out ceremony. Gen. Tom Hobbins, Allied Air Component commander and U.S. Air Forces in Europe commander, represented the Air Force chief of staff at the event

  • Poland's top enlisted airman tours PME facilities

    Poland's air force senior enlisted leader is partnering with U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Air Forces Africa officials to strengthen his service's operational capacity. But his efforts are focused on a more foundational level of airpower - enlisted professional military education.

  • Police laud lieutenant for rescuing child

    A lieutenant from the 91st Operations Support Squadron here earned praise from Ohio police officials recently for helping save the life of a 2-year-old boy who was drowning in a pond.First Lt. David Cathell was on vacation in eastern Ohio when he and his two cousins saved the boy.The lieutenant and

  • Policy aims to better identify, treat concussions

    A memorandum that took effect throughout the Defense Department in June is expected to have a major impact on efforts to identify and treat traumatic brain injuries in the combat theater faster and more systematically, medical officials reported at the recent Armed Forces Public Health Conference in

  • Policy change benefits disabled Airmen

    A policy change by Air Force Personnel Center officials here now allows some Airmen retiring with less than 20 years active service to receive retirement certificates. A change to Air Force Instruction 36-3203, Service Retirements, authorizes Airmen with less than 20 years of active service who are

  • Policy change boosts G.I. Bill eligibility

    A recent Defense Department policy change widens the eligibility window for some Reserve-component troops who want to use their Montgomery G.I. Bill education benefits, a senior DoD official said here April 17. The DoD policy now aligns with Department of Veterans Affairs rules, which say National

  • Policy change may affect promotion board release dates

    A recent policy change may result in officers waiting an additional two to six months for promotion board results.The policy will not, however, affect actual promotion pin-on dates.The Senate Armed Services Committee previously confirmed promotion lists within three months of the board, regardless

  • Policy change to allow reservists to carry leave balance

    Air Force Reserve officials are working to change policy to allow reservists who earn days of leave to carry those days over from year to year.New laws and Department of Defense instructions permit reservists to carry over the leave days. However, policy and procedures have not caught up with the

  • Policy changes affect civil service employees

    The 2004 National Defense Authorization Act put in to motion changes to civilian pay, overtime and leave.The legislation also launched the National Security Personnel System, the biggest overhaul of the government's civilian personnel system in decades.Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld called the

  • Policy changes allow Airmen to retrain into special ops

    In a move to meet the high demand for battlefield Airmen, the Air Force announced changes to retraining and cross-flow, outlined in a policy memorandum from April. The changes allow Airmen to be released from their current jobs in the Air Force to cross-train into the special tactics career fields,

  • Policy changes benefit Airmen deploying for 365 days

    Effective Oct. 1, Air Force officials here will implement policy changes to improve sourcing efficiency of 365-day deployments and ensure Airmen receive adequate notification prior to deployment. The new policy sets the deployment "accept or decline" option at three calendar days, streamlines the

  • Policy changes consider troops, families, official says

    The Pentagon office for personnel and readiness and the programs it oversees will not be immune from Defense Department efficiency initiatives, but will keep troops and their families at the forefront in the consideration of changes, the office's top civilian leader said."I joined with an efficiency

  • Policy changes ease enlisting with families

    The Air Force announced changes to its accession policies on July 30 to make entering the Air Force easier for Airmen with families.The changes modified dependency and pregnancy policies for Airmen entering the Air Force, enabling Airmen with up to three children to enlist with a waiver and

  • Policy changes help wounded troops stay in service

    Fundamental changes have taken place in the Department of Defense's disability policy, a top Pentagon official told attendees at the 17th DOD Disability Forum here Dec. 7.John M. Molino, acting deputy undersecretary of defense for equal opportunity, cited a December 2003 visit by President Bush to

  • Policy changes to delay some Reserve field grade officer promotions

    Starting this year, policy changes will result in some Air Force Reserve officers having to wait longer before becoming eligible for promotion. One major change will require lieutenant colonels to serve four or more years' time in grade before meeting the colonel board. Air Force Reserve officials