Oct. 15, 2022 Pennsylvania Guardsman leads project providing new housing for homeless Cherokee vets A Pennsylvania Air National Guardsman with the 171st Air Refueling Wing led the construction of seven homes for tribal members of Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, who are currently experiencing homelessness.
Oct. 14, 2022 Readout of US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.’s travel to Ecuador U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. traveled to Ecuador Oct. 12-13, to affirm the U.S.-Ecuador defense partnership and discuss future enhanced cooperation.
Oct. 14, 2022 Readout of US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.’s travel to Peru U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. traveled to Peru Oct. 11-12 to deepen close and enduring cooperation between the U.S. and Peruvian Air Forces.
Oct. 13, 2022 Annual DoD Housing Survey for privatized housing tenants begins Oct. 17 The Department of the Air Force requests tenants of privatized housing and government-owned family housing to provide their feedback of the program via the annual DoD Tenant Satisfaction Survey beginning Oct. 17.
Oct. 12, 2022 CSAF visits Sheppard AFB Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr., and his wife, Sharene Brown, visited Sheppard Air Force Base Oct. 6, to meet with Airmen and see how the base’s two wings are accelerating change in technical and flying training.
Oct. 12, 2022 Readout of US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.’s travel to Colombia Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. traveled to Colombia Oct. 10-11 to further strengthen the longstanding and vital U.S.-Colombia defense relationship.
Oct. 11, 2022 Fairchild completes historic 72-hour KC-135 endurance mission Two KC-135 Stratotankers simultaneously conducted 72-hour single-aircraft endurance missions, demonstrating multi-day tanker mission generation capabilities, Oct. 4-7.
Oct. 10, 2022 First JB Lewis-McChord deployment with new MAFFORGEN model Members of the 62nd AW recently deployed in support of U.S. Central Command, U.S. European Command, and U.S. Africa Command operations and implemented the new Mobility Air Force Force Generation model.
Oct. 8, 2022 Inside the 908th AW: Fire Protection If you possess a stellar attitude paired with a desire to serve and protect, then you should consider becoming a fire protection specialist with the 908th Civil Engineer Squadron.
Oct. 6, 2022 DAF reaches DAF365 Enterprise Services migration milestone The Air Force Enterprise Information Services SharePoint Team has completed the final major migration milestone to the Microsoft Office 365 collaboration platform.
Oct. 6, 2022 DAF reaches DAF365 Enterprise Services migration milestone The Air Force Enterprise Information Services SharePoint Team has completed the final major migration milestone to the Microsoft Office 365 collaboration platform.
Oct. 6, 2022 12 Outstanding Airmen of the Year recognized during Air Force’s season of celebrations The 12 Outstanding Airmen of the Year for 2022 were recognized and honored during the Air Force’s 75th Anniversary week and the Air and Space Force Association’s Air, Space and Cyber Conference in National Harbor, Maryland, Sept. 15-21.
Oct. 4, 2022 36th EWS conceptualize Reclamation of Electronic Attack Pods program The 36th Electronic Warfare Squadron used their skills and ingenuity to conceptualize the Reclamation of Electronic Attack Pods program for ALQ-184 and ALQ-131 Electronic Attack Pods.
Oct. 3, 2022 Air Force introduces new, foundational Ready Airman Training program Ready Airman Training will prepare Airmen to develop and demonstrate the mindset required to support the Air Force Force Generation, or AFFORGEN, deployment model.
Oct. 3, 2022 Defending the human weapon system with off-duty risk management Learn to protect the human weapon system off-duty through proper risk management.
Oct. 2, 2022 AFTC kicks off new digital engineering efforts The office will focus on creating a digital governance structure and facilitate on-going and new digital acquisition transformation activities across the enterprise.
Sept. 30, 2022 Senate confirms Saltzman to be Space Force’s next CSO With his confirmation in hand and his promotion to general, Saltzman is poised to step into the position held by Gen. John W. “Jay” Raymond. The latter has served as the Space Force’s highest-ranking military officer since the service was created on Dec. 20, 2019.
Sept. 30, 2022 Hurricane Hunters fly last mission into Ian The unit flew weather reconnaissance missions around the clock for more than a week into Hurricane Ian to gather vital weather data for National Hurricane Center forecasts.
Sept. 29, 2022 RAAF, USAF leaders sign Joint Vision Statement in Washington The Joint Vision Statement builds on the U.S. and Australian strategic partnership and conveys the two countries’ intent to work together to direct and support the development and operations of their air forces.
Sept. 28, 2022 Operational Test Airman builds radar range, sets standard for Air Force innovation An Operational Test imagery analyst at the 410th Test and Evaluation Squadron built an entire range of radar targets used to test the accuracy of U-2 and RQ-4 Global Hawk sensors.
Sept. 27, 2022 Air Force, Army air defenders demonstrate enhanced air, missile defense system Air Forces Northern teamed up with the 263rd Army Air and Missile Defense Command and the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation and Missile Center to conduct a Deployable Integrated Air Defense System Technology Demonstration.
Sept. 26, 2022 US, Timor-Leste partnership strengthened through Pacific Angel 22-4 The operation focused on capacity building through health services outreach, engineering civic action program construction projects and subject matter expert exchanges.
Sept. 26, 2022 ‘Accelerate Change or Lose’: Robins AFB members modernize aircraft GPS The Resilient Embedded Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System program, or R-EGI for short, is one of the AFLCMC’s solutions to building resiliency into aircraft navigation systems.
Sept. 25, 2022 NextGen 2.0 helmets on the way to security forces across DAF The Air Force Security Forces Center is rolling out the NextGen 2.0 helmet later this year with several improvements.
Sept. 22, 2022 Austin pledges to 'ease the load' for service members In a memo titled "Taking Care of Our Service Members and Families," Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III outlined efforts to address the needs of married service members and their families, as well as single service members.
Sept. 22, 2022 Air Force announces hypersonic missile contract award The Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile is an air-launched, scramjet-powered hypersonic weapon designed to hold high-value targets at risk in contested environments from standoff distances.
Sept. 22, 2022 AF hosts International Air Chiefs Conference The gathering exemplified the Air Force’s ongoing efforts to strengthen relationships with allies and partners through meaningful conversation and information exchange.
Sept. 22, 2022 Air Force releases the ‘Purple Book’ The Air Force released the third book in its trilogy of foundational documents dedicated to developing Total Force Airmen.
Sept. 22, 2022 Win or die: AMC commander presents Mobility Manifesto Gen. Mike Minihan, commander of Air Mobility Command, presented his case for the state of air mobility to a packed audience of Airmen at the 2022 Air, Space and Cyber Conference, Sept. 21.
Sept. 22, 2022 PACAF command chief cements importance of enlisted leadership at AFA conference PACAF’s senior enlisted leader underscored why partnership capacity and enlisted leadership at the lowest levels are key tenets in terms of maximizing lethality, interoperability and readiness.
Sept. 21, 2022 Communities in the Fight panel underscores importance of collaboration The Air and Space Forces Association hosted a “Communities in the Fight” panel discussion at the AFA’s Air, Space and Cyber Conference at National Harbor Sept. 20.
Sept. 20, 2022 Cyclists ride more than 200 miles to honor Air Force’s 75th birthday The inaugural Memorial to Memorial ride brought more than 90 cyclists from the Air Force and Space Force together over three days to celebrate the Air Force's 75th Anniversary.
Sept. 20, 2022 Space Force reveals official song: ‘Semper Supra’ The U.S. Space Force, the newest military branch established in 2019, has officially adopted its own song titled, "Semper Supra" that was unveiled during the 2022 Air Force Association Air, Space and Cyber Conference in National Harbor, Maryland, Sept. 20.
Sept. 20, 2022 AFCENT commander conducts first round of regional partner engagements Building relationships within the force and with allies and partners, Lt. Gen. Alexus G. Grynkewich, Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central) commander, travelled across the USCENTCOM AOR to meet with U.S. embassy, coalition, regional, and U.S. military leaders.
Sept. 19, 2022 Brown cites Air Force history as fuel for accelerating change, meeting today’s complex security challenges Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. urged the Total Force Sept. 19 to focus intently, to move fast and “accelerate change” in reshaping the service to meet modern-day threats.
Sept. 19, 2022 DAF announces new integrating program executive officer, ABMS execution construct The Department of the Air Force is establishing a new integrating program executive officer for Command, Control, Communications and Battle Management, which will have the authorities required to ensure integration of all C3BM related programs throughout the DAF.
Sept. 17, 2022 F-15C Eagle fleet prepares to stand down after 50 years of vigilance For 24 years, the F-15 Eagle has roared over the city of Klamath Falls, Ore., flying countless training missions and supplying air superiority pilots to the U.S. Air Force.
Sept. 15, 2022 South Carolina Air National Guard wraps up exercise Relampago VII The exercise focused on training techniques, tactics and procedures, and strengthening interoperability between the U.S. and Colombian air forces as allies under NATO standards.
Sept. 15, 2022 B-1s border Arctic for Baked Alaskan; enhance ACE practices Two B-1B Lancers and approximately 50 Airmen assigned to Dyess Air Force Base, Texas, engaged in an Agile Combat Employment exercise, Baked Alaskan, at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, Sept. 9-10.
Sept. 14, 2022 Aviano AB strengthens community relationships through English Teaching Program This summer, volunteers taught English to Italian children in local middle and high schools, as well as two summer camps.
Sept. 14, 2022 Senate committee considers Saltzman’s nomination to be Chief of Space Operations Lt. Gen. B. Chance Saltzman is considered by the Senate Armed Services Committee to be the next Chief of Space Operations Sept. 13.
Sept. 14, 2022 CSAF Leadership Library: September 2022 Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. presents five new additions to the CSAF Leadership Library.
Sept. 12, 2022 Pitch Black 2022 concludes international interoperability exercise Approximately 110 U.S. Airmen from PACAF participated in Exercise Pitch Black 2022, the Royal Australian Air Force Chief of Air Force’s biennial capstone international engagement activity with forces drawn from a wide range of regional, coalition and allied nations.
Sept. 12, 2022 Virtual event kicks off Digital Agents of Change campaign The Department of the Air Force Digital Transformation Office has launched a new initiative to recognize individuals across the enterprise who are driving change in the digital domain.
Sept. 11, 2022 Airmen train, deliver humanitarian aid to Honduras Airmen with the 22nd Airlift Squadron and 60th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron delivered 90,000 pounds of aid to Honduras during a combined Major Command Service Tail Trainer Denton cargo mission.
Sept. 8, 2022 WR-ALC master sergeant receives First Sergeant of the Year award The 2021 Air Force First Sergeant of the Year award has been presented to a master sergeant in the Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia.
Sept. 7, 2022 Air, Space Force installations seek mediators to help with conflict resolution The Department of the Air Force is seeking mediators for conflict resolution as an alternative solution to litigation for workplace conflicts.
Sept. 7, 2022 Airman accelerates change through persistence, develops tool for RPAs Master Sgt. Bridget Carroll reduced cargo taken on an MQ-1 Predator alert package with the creation of a “bird-in-a-box” later known as the Digital Aircraft Link Emulator, or DALE.
Sept. 7, 2022 US, Germany, Australia air forces’ generals share airspace together The desire to build upon foundational multilateral capabilities is paramount to international cooperation in maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific. Leaders often set the example for the development of international relationships.
Sept. 7, 2022 AGR program changes on the horizon Air Force Reserve Command is instituting changes to the Active Guard and Reserve program effective Oct. 1.
Sept. 7, 2022 52nd FW first in AF to upgrade F-16s with AESA radar systems The AESA upgrade provides F-16s enhancement in combat capabilities, improving pilot effectiveness, air defenses and overall aircraft survivability when faced by enemy forces.
Sept. 6, 2022 Senior leader announcement: Week of Sept. 6 Secretary of the Air Force Frank Kendall announced the following senior leader retirement and assignment.
Sept. 2, 2022 Remembering Flying Tiger Flight 923 Flying Tiger Flight 923 may not be a well-known story; however, it is a story military history should never let die. As the Air Force celebrates its 75th anniversary, now is the best time to look back and reflect on aviation moments like this.
Aug. 31, 2022 ACC Federal Laboratory flies combat apps on F-22 with new open software stack The achievement is the first instance of third-party software running on a fifth-generation fighter and the first in-flight use of open-source container orchestration software on any fighter aircraft.
Aug. 30, 2022 One year later, historic Afghan airlift inspires pride and reflection across the Air Force The efforts of the U.S. Air Force during the withdrawal from Afghanistan creates a portrait that is remarkable in its scope, reach and complexity.
Aug. 29, 2022 The National Guard: Truly at the heart of it all Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. spoke with National Guard leaders and discussed how the service is transforming.
Aug. 28, 2022 CSAF visits Indo-Pacific bases, stresses importance of DoD’s priority theater Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. recently traveled to locations across the Department of Defense’s priority theater, reinforcing U.S. and U.S. Air Force commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific..
Aug. 25, 2022 Air Force releases staff sergeant/22E5 promotion cycle statistics Air Force officials have selected 9,706 senior airmen for promotion to staff sergeant, out of 45,991 eligible, for a selection rate of 21.1% in the 22E5 promotion cycle, which includes supplemental promotion opportunities.
Aug. 24, 2022 Airman’s innovation saves time, money One 100th Maintenance Squadron Airman has invented a new boom cover tool that has the potential to save the U.S. Air Force 40,000 man-hours and approximately $1 million per year.
Aug. 22, 2022 Eligible Airmen, Guardians have access to more monkeypox vaccines The Department of Defense is increasing its supply of the approved monkeypox vaccine, JYNNEOS, which allows for more Airmen and Guardians at higher risk for transmission to access preventive measures to keep themselves safe.
Aug. 18, 2022 2023 Air Force Learning Professionals’ Consortium call for topics now open The theme of the 2023 event is, “Imagine – Create – Innovate,” with a focus on development of the community of knowledgeable and committed learning professionals.
Aug. 16, 2022 DoD releases first departmentwide social media policy The Defense Department released a policy that spells out how DoD military and civilian personnel should use official social media accounts to best advance the mission of the U.S. military and further instill trust in the credibility of the DoD.
Aug. 16, 2022 ‘Wolf 46’ returns to visit the Pack During the visit, Brown hosted an all-call, where, among other topics, he touched on the Air Force’s role in the National Defense Strategy and the importance of innovation and recognized individual Airmen from across the Wolf Pack for their achievements.
Aug. 15, 2022 Agile Flag 22-2: The road to certification Agile Flag is the latest U.S. Air Force investment in capabilities that enables Lead Wings to operate at the speed, scope, complexity, and scale needed in a modern-day threat environment.
Aug. 15, 2022 Indo-Pacific allies, partners attend Senior Enlisted Leader International Summit Hosted by Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force JoAnne S. Bass, SELIS focused on people, readiness and culture through connections between allies and partners.
Aug. 13, 2022 Mission complete: AF MQ-9s close out successful RIMPAC exercise The MQ-9 Reaper enterprise left an indelible mark on the world’s largest maritime exercise demonstrating the remotely-piloted aircraft’s capabilities at RIMPAC.
Aug. 12, 2022 Indo-Pacific Allies and partners solidify relations, ready for future during Senior Enlisted Leader International Summit Representatives from eight Indo-Pacific Ally and partner nations attended the largest international Department of the Air Force engagement, Senior Enlisted Leader International Summit (SELIS), in Arlington, Virginia, Aug. 1 – 5.
Aug. 12, 2022 CSAF visits Kadena Air Base At an all-call with Kadena AB personnel, Brown stressed the importance of empowering Airmen at all levels to deliver innovative solutions to keep pace with the complex operational and strategic challenges that shape U.S. military operations in this region.
Aug. 11, 2022 Readout of US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.’s travel to the Philippines Throughout the meetings, Brown reaffirmed the great value the U.S. Air Force places on the bilateral alliance.
Aug. 11, 2022 AFRC, Little League partner to celebrate Air Force’s 75th anniversary In celebration of the Air Force’s 75th anniversary, Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command partnered with the Southeast Region Little League during its annual youth baseball tournament at Warner Robins, Aug. 3-9.
Aug. 10, 2022 ‘Communication and Information’ career field changes name On July 1, the “Communication and Information” career field changed its name to “Cyberspace and Information Technology.”
Aug. 9, 2022 Readout of US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.'s visit to Singapore U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. traveled to Singapore Aug. 7-10 to reaffirm the U.S. Air Force's commitment to the bilateral defense relationship and discuss efforts to enhance cooperation.
Aug. 9, 2022 CSAF visits JB Pearl Harbor-Hickam Brown discussed the value of strengthening relationships with allies and partners, and 15th Wing Airmen highlighted how they work with regional partners to integrate joint operations, promoting advancements to their mission capabilities.
Aug. 7, 2022 Hill AFB captures first Air Force EOD national title The winners of three competitive regional events designed to test and enhance the readiness capabilities of explosive ordnance disposal teams across the Air Force settled the score with Hill AFB earning the inaugural Air Force EOD National Team of the Year title this week in Indiana.
Aug. 5, 2022 Around the Air Force: Around the Air Force: Next Chief of Space Operations, New COVID-19 Vaccine, GearFit In this week’s look around the Air Force, Lt. Gen. B. Chance Saltzman is nominated to be the new chief of space operations, a new COVID-19 vaccine becomes available for service members, and Airmen can provide feedback on armor and other gear through the GearFit application.
Aug. 4, 2022 Air Force Reserve welcomes its new commander Lt. Gen. John Healy received command of the Air Force Reserve Command from Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr., during a change of command ceremony at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, Aug. 3.
Aug. 3, 2022 6th Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force laid to rest McCoy, who served as the first senior enlisted advisor of Strategic Air Command and was selected as one of the 12 Outstanding Airmen of the Year in 1974, passed away July 13, at the age of 91.
Aug. 3, 2022 DAF’s first Data and AI Forum open for registration This summit will feature subject matter experts who will share their vast knowledge of data, AI and analytics as a part of an effort to support initiatives like the DoD’s JADC2 and the Air Force’s ABMS to respond to a critical need, connecting sensors with shooters across all services in all
Aug. 2, 2022 Kentucky Air Guard Special Tactics rescue 19 after floods The Airmen rapidly deployed to the region July 28 to conduct rescue operations via boat and helicopter for four days after flooding in Kentucky.
Aug. 2, 2022 Introducing the new 908th AW MVPs Following the July 2022 Unit Training Assembly, the 908th Airlift Wing at Maxwell Air Force Base announced its new mission, vision and priorities.
Aug. 2, 2022 SecAF visits Creech AFB Kendall’s conversation with Creech AFB leaders focused on the continuous effort to establish Next Generation Air Dominance through investing in technology, mechanics and the people who provide mission support.
July 31, 2022 AFIMSC Chaplain shares his ‘True North’ calling In an Air Force where there has been an increase in suicides in recent years, helping people find and appreciate their unique selves is a calling for Chaplain (Capt.) Portmann Werner and the service’s chaplain corps.
July 30, 2022 Air Force Cycling Team rides in RAGBRAI The Air Force Cycling team is riding in the 2022 Register’s Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa.
July 29, 2022 Around the Air Force: New Medical Profiles, Mourning CMSAF McCoy, Hexa Test Flight In this week’s look around the Air Force, a new system for generating medical profiles prepares to launch, former Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force James M. McCoy passes away, and the Lift Hexa reaches a new milestone. (Hosted by Senior Airman Kahdija Slaughter)
July 29, 2022 Monkeypox declared public health emergency: What Airmen, Guardians need to know With more than 4,000 monkeypox cases in the U.S., Airmen and Guardians should know the risks and how to stay safe.
July 28, 2022 CSAF visits Shaw AFB During the visit, Brown discussed modernization, innovation, and Airmen initiatives related to efforts in the strategic plan Accelerate Change or Lose and the associated Action Orders.
July 28, 2022 Lt. Gen. Chance Saltzman nominated to be next Space Force CSO If confirmed by the Senate, Saltzman will become the service’s highest-ranking officer and the second chief of space operations in the young service’s history.
July 26, 2022 FAA, Nellis AFB partner to expand Red Flag airspace arena The 414th CTS and the FAA collaborated to expand the available training area during Red Flag-Nellis 22-3 by almost three times the size as prior iterations.
July 25, 2022 Hawaii ANG supports Arctic air defense exercise Amalgam Dart This iteration incorporated C-17 Globemaster III support from the 204th Airlift Squadron, which performed a series of maneuvers alongside participating fighter, refueling and command and control aircraft.
July 25, 2022 Senior leader announcement: Week of July 25 Secretary of the Air Force Frank Kendall announced the following retirements, senior leader and general officer assignments.
July 22, 2022 Air Force’s 75th Anniversary celebrated by allies, partners at international air show One of the largest air shows in the world has returned and featured a special tribute this year to the U.S. Air Force as it approaches its 75th anniversary. The Royal International Air Tattoo was held at RAF Fairford, July 15-17.
July 21, 2022 Introducing the 908th Airlift Wing’s Program Integration Office The 908th Airlift Wing at Maxwell Air Force Base said goodbye to its aging C-130H Hercules aircraft as it begins the transition to providing MH-139A Grey Wolf helicopter training; bringing together AETC, AFGSC and AFRC for the first time.
July 21, 2022 CSAF Leadership Library: July 2022 Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. presents five new additions to the CSAF Leadership Library: National Geographic's "Winning the Next War: Innovation and the Modern Military" "Switch: How to Change When Change is Hard" "Royal United Services Institute's Building the Oceans Podcast - What's
July 20, 2022 Air Force prepares for newly approved COVID-19 vaccine: Novavax provides new option for unvaccinated Airmen, Guardians The Air Force will soon have the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine available after the U.S Food and Drug Administration authorized it for emergency use and the CDC endorsed it as another primary series option for adults ages 18 years and older.
July 20, 2022 US Air and Space Forces senior leaders emphasize need for strong alliances and ‘interoperability’ on European tour The senior-most civilian and military leaders of the Air and Space Forces crisscrossed Europe the week of July 10 carrying separate itineraries but a singular message - the importance of tight relationships with allies and partners, and the need to forge seamless "day-zero interoperability" that is
July 20, 2022 Air Force releases technical sergeant/22E6 promotion cycle statistics Air Force officials have selected 5,430 staff sergeants for promotion to technical sergeant, out of 33,935 eligible, for a selection rate of 16% in the 22E6 promotion cycle, which includes supplemental promotion opportunities.
July 20, 2022 CSAF visits the Arctic Circle Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr., and his wife, Sharene, visited Thule Air Base, Greenland, July 16-17, to engage with Airmen and Guardians who play a vital role in mutual defense and space superiority.
July 19, 2022 Readout of US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.’s Global Air and Space Chiefs’ Conference speech Gen. CQ Brown, Jr.'s keynote speech at the Global Air and Space Chiefs' Conference in London.
July 18, 2022 US airpower, integration on display at Royal International Air Tattoo The event allowed the Air Force and U.S. Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa to integrate and engage with hundreds of Airmen from 31 nations, and approximately 200,000 visitors during the three-day military air show.
July 18, 2022 Air Force, Space Force begins hackathon at 3 locations The BRAVO Hackathon and BRAVO 1 Canary Release began today; the event focuses on innovation and software development commonly employed by technology companies. Teams self-form and urgently develop working prototypes that are later presented to senior leaders.